極端天氣







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於1999年龍捲風爆發中吹襲奧克拉荷馬州的龍捲風


極端天氣包括了正常、非嚴重、季節性、或者超出歷史平均數值的天氣。[1] 通常極端天氣為以當地過往天氣數字為基礎，並被訂為是基數中最常見的百分之十。[2] 近年人為的全球暖化、洋流變化、氣壓變化等被認為是一些極端天氣的成因。[3][4][5] 亦有研究顯示未來的極端天氣現象將增加。[6][7]




目录






  • 1 極端溫度


    • 1.1 熱浪


    • 1.2 寒潮




  • 2 參考





極端溫度



熱浪


主条目：熱浪




2003年歐洲熱浪


熱浪是指擁有不正常高的溫度和酷熱指數的時間。 。[8] 通常熱浪會伴隨極高的濕度，但有時亦會有極乾的情況發生。[9]



寒潮


主条目：寒潮



2013年12月3至10日的北美寒潮，紅色指比平均值高的溫度，藍色指比平均值低的溫度。



參考





  1. ^ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2.7 Has Climate Variability, or have Climate Extremes, Changed? 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2005-11-01.


  2. ^ NOAA. Extreme Events. 


  3. ^ Scientists attribute extreme weather to man-made climate change.


  4. ^ Hansen, J; Sato, M; Ruedy, R; Lacis, A; Oinas, V. Global warming in the twenty-first century: an alternative scenario. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000, 97 (18): 9875–80. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.9875H. PMC 27611. PMID 10944197. doi:10.1073/pnas.170278997. 


  5. ^ Extremely Bad Weather: Studies start linking climate change to current events November 17, 2012; Vol.182 #10 Science News


  6. ^ Study Indicates a Greater Threat of Extreme Weather April 26, 2012


  7. ^ Hansen, J.; Sato, M.; Ruedy, R. PNAS Plus: Perception of climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012, 109 (37): E2415. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E2415H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1205276109. 


  8. ^ Mogil, Micheal.H. Extreme Weather. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. 2007: 210–211. ISBN 978-1-57912-743-5.  使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)


  9. ^ NOAA NWS. Heat: A Major Killer. 









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